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Two-thirds of all physician office visits are for ear, nose, throat or allergic problems!

Supporting Evidence for SLIT

The current understanding of the clinical efficacy, safety and indications for the use of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy (SLIT) in the treatment of allergies is embodied in the studies, papers and publications referenced in this document. Over 100 citations are contained in this bibliography, including over 60 peer-reviewed studies published since 1995. Internationally, SLIT is used widely (50% in some European countries), with full regulatory and government backing. U.S. Allergy leaders are writing in support of SLIT. (See section 1) The World Health Organization indicated its use in its 1998 position paper. In November 2001, an international workgroup, including U.S. allergists, published the ARIA (Allergy Rhinitis and its affect on Asthma) guidelines indicating SLIT as well. Since that time dozens of well-designed studies (randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled) have been peer reviewed and published. Cochrane Review has performed a meta-analysis and determined SLIT both safe and effective (see section 1). Two additional pivotal studies to note are the “10 year study” showing the long lasting effect of SLIT (see section 1), and the 2004 head-to-head study of SLIT to injection in a double-blind, double-dummy approach (see section 2). Few studies (two) could be found showing that SLIT was not effective, and those results are equivocal and dated. Additional research efforts are underway in the U.S. and internationally, this document will updated periodically to include further publications.

The following pages are a comprehensive bibliography of studies divided into six categories, with citations presented in chronological order;

  1. Recent Major Guidelines and Papers; includes over 30 significant position papers
  2. Studies/Abstracts; includes nearly 50 studies
  3. Comparison Studies of Sublingual and Subcutaneous Antigen Administration; includes 2004 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study.
  4. Safety and Quality-of-Life Related Studies;
  5. Mechanisms of Sublingual Immunotherapy; current understanding of mucosal immunity.
  6. Other Indications for Treatment; other sensitizations where SLIT has been effective.

The scrutiny of SLIT has been intense, particularly in the past five years. The volume of research and its consistency is presented as evidence of the value of SLIT to patients. We thank you for your interest in this topic and invite you to provide us feedback and let us know if you would like to receive updates a new research and publications are added.

Comprehensive list of Studies & Papers

1) Recent Major Texts, Guidelines, Papers and Editorials

  1. Nelson, Harold “Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy”, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 113, No. 4, Pages 635-42, April 2004
  2. Passalacqua, Giovanni, et al “Efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy”, Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Vol. 93;1, pgs. 3-12, 2004.
  3. Portnoy J. “Allergen Immunotherapy in the Prevention of Asthma” Current Opinion Allergy Clinical Immunology 4(2): 131-136, 2004.
  4. Passalacqua, G, Canonica, GW, “Sublingual or injection immunotherapy: the final answer?” Allergy 2004: 59: 37-38
  5. Mosages, R “The role of hyposensitization: do we need to start rethinking?”, Clinical Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2004, Vol. 4, pgs. 155-157
  6. Norman, Philip S. “Immunotherapy: 1999-2004”, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, June 2004 Vol. 113, No. 6, pgs. 1013-1023.
  7. Passalacqua G, Lombardi C, Canonica GW “Sublingual Immunotherapy: An Update”, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 4 (1), February 2004
  8. Markert, UR and Elsner P. Local Immunotherapy in Allergy, Chemical Immunology and Allergy (lead chapter by D. Morris, et al) Vol. 82, Karger, Basel, Switzerland 2003.
  9. Wilson, DR Torres, LM, and Durham SR “Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis” (Cochrane Review), The Cochrane Library, Oxford, England, Issue 2. 2003.
  10. Canonica, G. Walter and Passalacqua, G. “Non-injection routes for immunotherapy”, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 111, No. 3 pgs. 437-448, March 2003
  11. Nelson, Harold S. “Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy”, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 111, No. 3, pgs. S793-798, March 2003.
  12. Di Rienzo, V., Canonica, GW, and Passalacqua G. “Long-lasting effect of sublingual immunotherapy in children with asthma due to house dust mite: a 10 year prospective study”, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol. 33, pgs. 206-210, 2003
  13. Bielory L. and Heimall “Review of complementary and alternative medicine in treatment of ocular allergies”, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 3, pgs. 395-399, 2003.
  14. Passalacqua, G, Baena-Cagnani, Carlos, Berardi, M, Canonica, G Walter “Oral and sublingual immunotherapy in pediatric patients”, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 3(2), pgs. 139-145, April 2003
  15. Li, J et al, “Allergen immunotherapy: a practice parameter”, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 90, January 2003 (see Summary Statement 57, Page 27)
  16. Kagi M.K. and B. Wuthrich, Review Article, “Different methods of local allergen-specific immunotherapy”, Allergy, Vol. 57, pgs. 379-388, 2002
  17. Reiber, Mark E. “Sublingual Administration of Allergen Desensitization” Tennessee Medicine, pgs. 465-467, November 2002
  18. Douglass, J. and O’Hehir, R. (Editorial) “Specific allergen immunotherapy: time for alternatives?”, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol. 32, pgs. 1-3, 2002
  19. Bousquet, J. The new ARIA guidelines: putting science into practice, Clin Exp All Rev 2002; 2:38-43
  20. Volpe, A. Della, et al “Sublingual Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis and Related Pathologies: Efficacy in a Paediatric Population” International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, Vol 15, No. 1, pgs. 35-40, 2002.
  21. Malling, H. “Is Sublingual Immunotherapy Clinically Effective?” Current Opinion Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol 2, No. 6 pgs. 523-532, 2002.
  22. Allergic Rhinitis and its impact on Asthma (ARIA) Workshop Report. ARIA Workshop Group, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Supplement, 11/2001:Vol. 108, No. 5
  23. Bousquet, J., ARIA Workshop Group Guidelines J All Clin Immunol pgs S242-S245, 2001
  24. Passalacqua G. & Canonica, G.W. “Allergen-Specific Sublingual Immunotherapy for Respiratory Allergy”, BioDrugs, Vol. 15 (8) pgs. 509-519, 2001
  25. Morris, D.L. “Current use of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy”, Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 9, No. 3, pgs. 179-180, June 2001.
  26. Marogna, M. et al “Clinical Practice Improvement Program for Immunotherapy of Respiratory Allergic Diseases”, International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pgs 93-101, 2001.
  27. Allergen Immunotherapy: Guidelines, Update and Recommendations of the World Health Organization, Theodoropoulos & Lockey, Allergy & Asthma Proc. Pg. 159-66, May-June 2000, Vol. 21, No.3.
  28. Frew, Anthony, et al “Sublingual Immunotherapy”, Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunology, pgs. 441-444, March 2001.
  29. Brown, J.L. & Frew, A.J. (Editorial) “The efficacy of oromucosal immunotherapy in respiratory allergy”, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Vol. 31, Is. 1, pg 8-10, January 2001
  30. Editorial, “The efficacy of oromucosal immunotherapy in respiratory allergy”, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol. 31, pgs. 8-10, 2001.
  31. Rakoski, Jurgen and Wessner, Dirk “A Short Assessment of Sublingual Immunotherapy”, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, Vol. 126, pgs. 185-187, 2001.
  32. Pineda-Algorta, J. et al “Study of the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with grass pollen sensitization”, (abstract) “Mini Symposium 3 Sublingual Immunotherapy” Allergy 55 Suppl. Vol. 63: pg. 24, 2000
  33. Ano-Garcia, M. et al “Efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with sensitization to Dermtophagoides pteronyssinus” (abstract) “Mini Symposium 3 Sublingual Immunotherapy” Allergy 55 Suppl. Vol 63: pg. 24, 2000
  34. Khinchi, M.S. et al “Clinical efficacy of sublingual-swallow and subcutaneous immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis due to birch pollen. A double-blind, double dummy placebo-controlled study (abstract), “Mini Symposium 3 Sublingual Immunotherapy” Allergy 55 Suppl. Vol 63: pg 24, 2000
  35. Donato, R.M. Patients with allergic rhinitis from Argentine treated with SLIT (sublingual immunotherapy) a non-injective route – Abstract presented October 2000 IACAI Conf.
  36. Malling, Hans-Jergen “Allergen-specific immunotherapy. Present state and directions for the future”, Allergy, Vol 54, pgs. 30-33, 1999.
  37. Passalacqua, G. et al, “Oral and Sublingual Immunotherapy: General Aspects and Critical Considerations”, WMW Themenheft: Hyposensibilsierung, pgs 433-437, 1999.
  38. Donahue, JG et al, “Utilization and cost of immunotherapy for allergic asthma and rhinitis”, Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Vol. 82, pgs. 339-347, April 1999
  39. Bousquet J, Lockey R. Malling HJ, Allergen immunotherapy: therapeutic vaccines for allergic diseases. World Health Organization Position Paper Allergy Vol 53 Suppl 44 pgs 1-29, 1998
  40. Malling, H.J. Editorial “Sublingual Immunotherapy”, Clinical Experimental Allergy, Vol. 26, pgs. 1228-1231, 1996.
  41. Passalacqua G. et and G.W. Canonica “Alternative routes for allergen-specific immunotherapy” J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol, Vol. 6(2) pgs. 81-87, March-April 1996.
  42. Creticos, P.S. A review of oral specific immunotherapy, Expressions on allergen specific immunotherapy, Stallergenes S.A., Vol. 1, June 1995. (US Based DBPC Study)

2) Studies/Abstracts

  1. Khinici…Malling, ” Clinical efficacy of sublingual and subcutaneous birch pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study”, Allergy, 2004: 59: 45-53
  2. Tonnel, A.B. et al “Allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites: evaluation of the efficacy of specific sublingual immunotherapy”, Allergy, Vol. 59, pgs. 491-197, 2004
  3. Bufe, A. et al “Efficacy of sublingual swallow immunotherapy in children with severe grass pollen allergic symptoms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study, Allergy, Vol. 59(5), pgs 498-504, May 2004
  4. Pajno, GB, et al “Sublingual immunotherapy abrogates seasonal bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with Parietaria-induced respiratory allergy: a randomized controlled trial dagger”, Allergy, Vol. 59(8), pgs. 883-887, August 2004
  5. Melranci, C. Matteoli M. “Efficacy of allergoid sublingual immunotherapy in children with asthma and/or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: Comparison study with drugs” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, February 2004 Supplement, Vol. 113, Number 2. (abs.)
  6. Bassi M. et al “High dose sublingual immunotherapy: Economic evaluation from an Italian observational data base study” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, February 2004 Supplement, Vol. 113, Number 2. (abs.)
  7. Andre, et al “A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of Sublingual Immunotherapy with a Standardized Ragweed Extract in Patients with Seasonal Rhinitis”, Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 131: pgs. 111-118, 2003.
  8. Ippoliti, F, et al “Immunomodulation during sublingual therapy in allergic children”, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Vol. 14, pgs. 216-221, 2003
  9. Pajno, G.B. et al, Abstract “Parietaria Pollen Sublingual Immunotherapy for Asthmatic Children: Seasonal Behavior in Methacholine PC20, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, February 2003
  10. Mortemousque, B, et al “House-dust mite sublingual –swallow immunotherapy in perennial conjunctivitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study”, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol. 33, pgs. 464-469, 2003.
  11. Gonzalez, E. et al, Abstract “Efficacy and Safety of a Standardized Sublingual Therapeutic Vaccine of Cat Epithelia Extract, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, page S200, February 2003
  12. Cirla, A.M. et al “A pre-seasonal birch/hazel sublingual immunotherapy can improve the outcome of grass pollen injective treatment in bisensitized individuals. A case-referent, two year controlled study”, Allergol et Immunopath Vol. 31(1) 31-43, 2003.
  13. Torres Lima, M. et al, Grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy for seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis: a randomized controlled trial, Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32-507-14
  14. Silvestri, M et al. “Changes in Inflammatory and Clinical Parameters and in Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Asthmatic Children Sensitized to House Dust Mites Following Sublingual Immunotherapy”, J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol (abstract) Vol 12: No. 1 pgs 6-7, 2002
  15. Velarde-Domiquez, T. et al, Abstract “Clinical effectiveness and security of sublingual immunotherapy as a treatment for allergy asthma secondary to Dermaphgoides in pediatric population”, Rev Sanid, Milit Mex Vol. 56, No. 1, pgs 10-14, 2002.
  16. Molina, A. Criado et al “Inmunoterapia con un extracto oral de Alternaria en el asma infanil. Eficacia clinica, seguridad, repercusiones sobre parametros in vivo e in vitro Allergol et Immunpathol, Vol. 30(6) 319-30, 2002.
  17. Olaguibel, J.M., et al “Adherence to and Safety of a High Dose Sublingual Immunotherapy Regimen With a Standardized Grass Pollen Extract”, Journal Allergy Clinical Immunology, Vol. 109, No. 1, pg. S201, January 2002.
  18. Pajno, G.B. et al, “Impact of Sublingual Immunotherapy on Seasonal Asthma of Allergic Children to Parietaria Pollen Treated with Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate, Journal Allergy Clinical Immunology, Vol. 109, No. 1, pg. S200, January 2002.
  19. Ariano, R. et al “Efficacy of sublingual specific immunotherapy in Cupressaceae allergy using an extract of Cupressus arizonica. A double blind study, Allergol Immunopathol, Vol. 29, No. 6, pgs. 238-244, 2001.
  20. Bahceciler, et al. “Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in children with asthma and rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.” Pediatric Pulmonology, 32:49-55 2001
  21. Caffarelli, C, et al. “Preseasonal local allergoid immunotherapy to grass pollen in children”, Allergy, 2000, 55, 1142-1147
  22. Course of Birch, Bat V1 and Bat V2, IgE levels following Sublingual-Swallow and Parenteral Birch Immunotherapy. Kinchi, Poulsen, Malling-Denmark. Dieierlaurent, Berjout, Andre-France July 2000
  23. Valle, C. et al “Effects of sublingual immunotherapy in patients sensitised to Ambrosia. An open controlled study” Allergol et Immunopathol, Vol. 28 (6) pgs 311-317, 2000
  24. Mastrandrea, F. et al “Specific sublingual immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis. Results of a 6-year follow-up of 35 consecutive patients”, Allergol et Immunopathol, Vol. 28 (2) pgs. 54-62, 2000.
  25. Pajno, GB, et al “Clinical and Immunological Effects of Longterm Sublingual Immunotherapy in Asthmatic Children Sensitized to Mites: A Double-blind Placebo Controlled Study, Allergy, Vol. 55, pgs 842-849, 2000.
  26. Guez, S. et al “House dust mite SLIT in perennial rhinitis: A double blind placebo controlled study, Allergy, Vol. 55, pgs. 369-75, 2000.
  27. Pradalier, A. et al “Sublingual-swallow immunotherapy (SLIT) with a standardized five-grass-pollen extract (drops and sublingual tablets) versus placebo in seasonal rhinitis”, Allergy, Vol. 54, pgs. 819-828, February 1999.
  28. Bousquet, J. et al “Sublingual-swallow immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with asthma due to house-dust mites: a double blind, placebo-controlled study”, Allergy, Vol. 54 (3) pgs. 249-260, March 1999.
  29. Purello, D’Ambrosio, et al “Sublingual immunotherapy: a double blind placebo controlled trial with Parietaria judaica extract standardized in mass units in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma or both”, Allergy, Vol. 54: 968-973, 1999.
  30. La Rosa, Mario, et al “Double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy with standardized Parietaria judaica extract in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis”, Journal AllergyClinical Immunology, pgs. 425-432, August 1999.
  31. Passalacqua, Giovanni, et al “Clinical and immunologic effects of a rush sublingual immunotherapy to Parietaria species: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial”, J Allergy Clin Immunol, pgs 964-968, November 1999.
  32. Di Rienzo, V, et al “Grass pollen specific sublingual/swallow immunotherapy in children: open-controlled comparison among different treatment protocols”, Allergol et Immunopathol, Vol. 27 (3) pgs 145-151, 1999.
  33. Vourdas, D. et al “Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of sublingual immunotherapy with standardized olive pollen extract in pediatric patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and mild asthma due to olive pollen sensitization”, Allergy, Vol 53, pgs 662-672, 1998
  34. Clavel, R., Bousquet, J., et al “Clinical efficacy of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of standardized five-grass-pollen extract in rhinitis”, Allergy, Vol. 53, pgs 493-498, May 1998.
  35. Horak, F. et al “Immunotherapy with sublingual birch pollen extract. A short-term double blind placebo study”, Invest Allergol Clin Immunol, Vol 8, No. 3, pgs. 165-171, May-June 1998.
  36. Hordijk, G.J., et al “Sublingual immunotherapy with a standardised grass pollen extract; a double-blind placebo-controlled study”, Allergol, et Immunopathol., Vol. 26, No. 5, pages 234-240.
  37. Passalacqua, Giovanni, et al “Randomised controlled trial of local allergoid immunotherapy on allergic inflammation in mite-induced rhinoconjunctivitis”, The Lancet, Vol. 351, pgs 629-632, February 28, 1998.
  38. Luwema, R.A., et al “Sublingual Immunotherapy with a Standardized Grass Pollen Extract (Oralgen); a placebo controlled study”, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 99, No. 1, Part 2, Abstract #282, January 1997.
  39. Passalacqua, G., et al “Clinical and Immunological Effects of a Long-term Sublingual-oral Immunotherapy to Mite: A Double Blind Study”, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 99, No. 1, Part 2, Abstract # 1630, January 1997.
  40. Van Deusen, Matthew, et al “Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy with short ragweed” Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Vol. 78, pgs 573-580, June 1997.
  41. Gozalo, F. et al “Clinical efficacy and tolerance of two year Lolium perenne sublingual immunotherapy”, Allergol. Et Immunopathol., Vol 25 (5), pgs. 219-227, 1997.
  42. Passalacqua, G. “Sublingual immunotherapy: Accumulated experience”, J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol, Vol. 7(5), pgs. 364-366, September/October 1997.
  43. Hirsh, T. et al. Double blind placebo controlled study of sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mites extracts in children. Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, 1997: 8: 21-27.
  44. D’Ambrosio, F. Purello, et al, “Rush sublingual immunotherapy in parietaria allergic patients”, Allergol. Et Immunopathol, Vol: 21: No 4, pgs 146-151, 1996.
  45. Troise, C. et al. “Sublingual immunotherapy in Parietaria pollen-induced rhinitis: A double-blind study”, Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 5(1), pgs. 25-30, 1995.
  46. Clavel, R. et al. “Reduction of Corticosteroid Therapy by Sublingual Immunotherapy. Double Blind Study Against Placebo of Standardised 5 Grass Pollen Extract in Rhinitis”, Allergy, Vol. 50(26), pg. 279, 1995.
  47. Giovane, A.L., et al. “A three-year double-blind placebo-controlled study with specific oral immunotherapy to Dermatophagoides: evidence of safety and efficacy in paediatric patients”, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol. 24, pgs. 53-59, 1994.
  48. Sabbah, A. et al. “A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by the sublingual route of immunotherapy with a standardized grass pollen”, Allergy, Vol. 49, pgs. 309-13, 1994.
  49. Casanovas, M. et. al. “Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of preseasonal treatment with allergenic extracts of Olea europaea pollen administered sublingually”, Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology Vol. 4(6), pgs. 305-314, November-December 1994.
  50. Tari, M.G., et al. “Immunologic evaluation of 24 month course of sublingual immunotherapy.” Allergol.Et Immunopathol., Vol. 22, No. 5, pgs. 209-216, 1994.
  51. Tari, M.G., et al. “Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with rhinitis and asthma due to house dust mite-A double blind study.”, Allergol. Et Immunopathol., Vol. 18, No. 5, pgs. 277-284, 1990.
  52. Leng, Xiao, et al. “A double-blind trial of oral immunotherapy for Artemisia pollen asthma with evaluation of bronchial response to the pollen allergen and serum-specific IgE antibody”, Annals of Allergy, Vol. 64, pgs. 27-31, Jan. 1990.
  53. Taudorf, Ebbe, et. al. “Oral immunotherapy in birch pollen hayfever”, J Allergy Clinical Immunology, Vol. 80, No. 2, pgs. 153-161, Aug. 1987.
  54. Van Nierkerk, C.H. and J.I De Wet. “Efficacy of grass-maize pollen oral immunotherapy in patients with seasonal hay-fever; a double blind study”, Clinical Allergy, Vol. 17, pgs. 507-513, 1987.
  55. Scadding, Glenis K. and J. Brostoff. “Low dose sublingual therapy in patients with allergic rhinitis due to house dust mite”, Clinical Allergy, Vol. 16, pgs. 483-491, 1986.

3) Comparison Studies of Sublingual and Subcutaneous Antigen Administrtion

  1. Khinici…Malling, ” Clinical efficacy of sublingual and subcutaneous birch pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study”, Allergy, 2004: 59: 45-53
  2. Mungan, Dilsad, et al “Comparison of the efficacy of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in mite-sensitive patients with rhinitis and asthma – a placebo controlled study”, Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Vol. 82, pgs. 485-490, May 1999.
  3. Quirino, T. et al “Sublingual versus injective immunotherapy in grass pollen allergic patients: a double blind (double dummy) study, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol. 26, pgs. 1253-1261, 1996.
  4. Bernardis, P., et al. “Injective versus sublingual immunotherapy in Alternaria tenuis allergic patients, Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Vol 6(1), pgs. 55-62, January-February 1996.

4) Mechanisms of Sublingual Immunotherapy

  1. Arikan, C et al. “BCG-induced IL-12 did not improve parameters in asthmatic children treated w/sublingual immunotherapy”, Clinical and Exp. Allergy, 34-398-405, 2004
  2. Reich, M et al. “Nonspecific Plasma Proteins during Sublingual Immunotherapy”, Local Immunotherapy in Allergy, Chem Immunol. Basel, Karger, Vol. 82, pgs. 99-108, 2003
  3. Bagnasco, et al “Pharmacokinetics of an allergen and a monomeric allergoid for oromucosal immunotherapy in allergic volunteers”, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol 31, pgs. 54-60, 2001.
  4. Marcucci, F. et al “Sublingual tryptase and ECP in children treated with grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT): safety and immunologic implications”, Allergy, Vol. 56, pgs. 1091-1095, 2001
  5. Preliminary analysis of clinical parameters, plasma proteins and T cell functions of allergic patients after up to 3 years sublingual immunotherapy- Abstract presented October 2000 0 IACAI conference, U.R. Markert, MD
  6. Fanta, C. et al “Systemic Immunological Changes Induced by Administration of Grass Pollen Allergens via the Oral Mucosa during Sublingual Immunotherapy”, Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 120: pgs. 218-224, February 5, 1999.
  7. Yuksel, H. et al “Sublingual immunotherapy and influence on urinary leukotrienes in seasonal pediatric allergy”, Invest Allergol Clin Immunol, Vol. 9(5), pgs 305-313, September/October 1999.
  8. Bagnasco, M et al “Absorption and distribution kinetics of the major Parietaria allergen administered by noninjectable routes to healthy human beings, Journal Allergy Clinical Immunology, Vol. 100: pgs. 13-18, 1997.
  9. Giannarini, L. “Decrease of allergen-specific T cell response induced by local nasal immunotherapy”, Clin Exp Allergy, Vol. 28, pgs, 547-551, 1998.

5) Safety and Quality-of-Life Related Studies

  1. Scolozzi, RM “Tolerability of the allergoid sublingual immunotherapy with a monomeric allergoid in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, February 2004 Supplement, Vol. 113, No. 2. (abstract)
  2. Silvestris, A. “Tolerability of sublingual immunotherapy with monomeric allergoid in allergic sensitizations to house dust mite, Parietaria and grass, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, February 2004 Supplement, Vol. 113, No. 2 (abstract)
  3. Grosclaude, M, et al “Safety of Various Dosage Regimens during Induction of Sublingual Immunotherapy”, International Archives Allergy and Applied Immunology, Vol. 129 (3), pgs 248-253, March 2003
  4. Hasan, H., et al “Short Report – Evaluation of Immunotherapy for Seasonal and Perennial Allergic Rhinitis Using Quality of Life Questionnaires”, Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Vol. 16, No. 1, March 2003
  5. Lombardi, C. et al “Safety of sublingual immunotherapy with monomeric allergoid in adults: multicenter post-marketing surveillance study”, Allergy: 56: 989-992, 2001.
  6. Lombardi C, et al “Sublingual immunotherapy is clinically safe in patients with oral allergy syndrome”, Allergy 2000 in press.
  7. Andre, C. et al “Safety of sublingual immunotherapy in children and adults, “Int Arch Allergy Immunol Vol. 121, pgs. 229-234, 2000
  8. Madonini, E. et al “Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Sublingual Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy – A Retrospective, Multicenter Study, International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, Vol. 13, No. 2, pgs. 77-81, 2000.
  9. Di Rienzo, V. et al “Post-marketing surveillance study on the safety of sublingual immunotherapy in children,” Allergy, Vol. 54, pgs. 1110-1113, 1999.
  10. Ariano, R., et al “Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy in respiratory allergy to Parietaria judaica pollen. A double-blind study.” Invest Allergol Clin Immunol, Vol. 8, No. 3, pgs. 155-160, May-June 1998.
  11. Feliziani, V. et. al. “Safety and efficacy of sublingual rush immunotherapy with grass allergen extracts. A double blind study.” Allergol. Et. Immunopathol., Vol. 23, No. 5, pgs. 224-230, 1995.

6) Other Indications for Treatment (Foods and Chemicals)

  1. Severe anaphylaxis to kiwi fruit: Immunologic changes related to successful sublingual allergen immunotherapy, Letter to the editor, JACI, June 2003, page 1406-09
  2. Patriarca, G. et al. “Oral desensitizing treatment in food allergy: clinical and immunologic results”, Ailment Pharmacol Ther, Vol 17, pgs. 459-465, 2003
  3. Patriarca, G. “Sublingual Desensitization: A New Approach to Latex Allergy Problem” Anesth Analg, Vol. 95, pgs. 956-960, 2002.
  4. Nucera, E. “Immunological Aspects of Oral Desensitization in Food Allergy”, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 45, No. 3, pgs. 637-641, March 2000.
  5. Patriarca, G., et al “Food allergy in children: results of a standardized protocol for oral desensitization”, Hepatogastroenterology, Vol. 45 (19): pgs. 52-58, January-February 1998.
  6. Morris, D.L. “Intradermal Testing and Sublingual Desensitization for Nickel”, Cutis, Vol. 61, No. 3, pgs. 129-132. March 1998.
  7. Panzani, R.C., et al. “Oral hyposensitization to nickel allergy: preliminary clinical results”, Int Arch Allergy Immunol, Vol. 107 (1-3): pgs. 251-254, May-June 1995.